1. The indicator of product quality
Quality is the degree of compliance with the requirements of the inherent characteristics (GOSTR ISO9000)
Requirements, the need or expectation that is stated, implied or obligatory.
Quality is measured by metrics:
· Characterized by the properties of the product quality (purpose, reliability, adaptability, etc.)
· By stage of the life cycle of these terms may be: predictable, production, operating.
· According to the units of measurement.
The branch of science that studies the methods for quantitative assessment of quality control is called.
The number of different products from the point of view of the consumer. And from the point of view of the producer and the consumer may be diametrically opposite as to the manufacturer, all products containing no defects, has value. For the consumer, the value of those properties have products that meet their expectations.
2. Stage of the development of quality
In the story there are five phases in the development of quality. They are inconsistent, may overlap, combined.
1. Phase rejection
The basis of the concept of quality assurance of this phase can be formulated as follows: "The consumer should receive only fit products, ie products that meet the standards. Major efforts should be made to ensure that the product does not fit (marriage) would be cut off from the consumer."
2. Phase quality management
1924. - American engineer Shewhart proposed the concept, the essence of which was not as unfit to withdraw the product and how to improve the production yield.
The core of the concept of quality assurance at this stage was: "Saving the main goal - the consumer should receive only fit products, ie products that meet the standards. Culling remains as one of the important methods of quality assurance. But the main focus should be on process technology, providing the percentage increase in product yield. "
3. Phase quality management
The basis of the quality of work, quality and all levels. When each employee enjoys working.
The program was based not only on the improvement of production processes, and to improve the system as a whole, on the direct involvement of senior management in quality issues, training of all employees from top to bottom the basic methods of quality assurance, all the way to motivate employees to high-quality work. Place the concept of avoiding marriage to the consumer and the concept of increasing the yield of products has taken the concept of "0 defects."
4. Quality Planning Phase
The basis of the concept of a new phase are:
1. the idea that the majority of defects in products is laid on the development stage due to the lack of quality of design work;
2. shifting the center of gravity works to create products with a full-scale prototype testing or parties to the mathematical modeling of the properties of the products as well as simulation of the processes of manufacture of products that can detect and remove defects in design and technology even before the production stage;
3. place the concept of "0 defect" has taken the concept of a "satisfied customer";
4. high quality to provide the consumer with an affordable price, which has steadily decreased since competition in the markets is very high.
5. Phase of Environmental Quality
Customer requirements - environmentally friendly products and eco-friendly way of production. This phase includes the sub-phases:
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3. International Standards ISO 9000
ISO 9000 system regulates the ability of the organization. Abilities - the individual characteristics of the successful implementation of activity.
-The purpose of assistance in standardization.
Base - British Standards Institute adopted in more than 90 countries around the world. The standards are applicable to all companies regardless of their size, output and scope.
Standards included in the series:
· ISO 9001. It contains a set of requirements for quality management systems. The current version - "ISO 9001:2008. Quality Management Systems. Requirements."
· ISO 9000. Glossary of terms on the management system, a set of principles of quality management. The current version - "ISO 9000:2005. Quality Management Systems. Fundamentals and vocabulary."
· ISO 9004. As of today - doubles to standard ISO 9001, which describes how the development of the quality management system and provides guidance on how to achieve the requirements of ISO 9001. Later (in 2009) ISO 9004 will be amended on the basis of Japanese quality management standards. It is assumed that the use of the ISO 9004 version 2009 will be a tool of organizational development business. The current version - "ISO 9004:2000. Quality Management Systems. Guidelines for performance improvements."
· ISO 19011. The standard describes methods of auditing management systems, including quality management.
The Russian version of the standards:
· GOST R ISO 9000-2001 - equivalent ISO 9000:2000
· ISO 9001-2008 - equivalent ISO 9001:2008
4. The principles of quality system laid down in the ISO 9000
ISO 9001 does not guarantee high quality products. Compliance with the requirements and recommendations of these standards only talks about the ability of enterprises to maintain stability and improve the quality of its work. Also, the requirements of ISO 9001 indicates a certain level of reliability of the supplier. The certificate ISO 9001 is an external independent confirmation of the achievement of the requirements of the standard. The purpose of the series of standards ISO 9000 - stable operation of documented quality management system of the supplier. The initial focus of the ISO 9000 was precisely on the relationship between the companies in the form of customer / supplier. The ISO 9000 standards do not establish a rigid framework, but only determine what needs to be managed. Quality assurance is aimed at preventing non-compliance.
The quality management principles:
· Customer Focus
· Head of Leadership
· Involvement of people
· Process Approach
· System approach to management
· Continuous improvement
· Decision-making based on facts
· Mutually beneficial supplier relationships
5. The composition and appointment of the routing
Typical flow sheets are designed to ensure the construction of standard and repetitive buildings and their parts, as well as buildings and structures with the use of standardized dimensional schemes and typical designs, rational construction technologies.
In a typical process maps include: the characteristics of the elements of buildings, structures and types of work covered by the map, as well as the features and conditions (natural, geological, production), as adopted in the map, the availability requirements of previous works, which provide the necessary edge to perform the work under hag; schemes of the construction site or work area where the name the main dimensions of the building (structure) or part thereof and accommodation arrangements with the definition of areas of operation, operational depots, pathways materials, networks, heat, electricity and water supply, and a description of methods and a sequence or combination of various types of work, including a breakdown of the total work on the bay-and tiers, methods of supplying materials and ready-made designs to jobs, the types of the means of paving, and installation of industrial equipment, the number and range of materials, ready-made designs, products and equipment defining them in terms of physical work, the number and types of machines, special tools, industrial equipment, numerical-qualifying teams, taking into account the composition of the method of collective contract, the work schedule with the calculation of labor costs, guidance on quality control activities, including operational control schemes and quality list of necessary acts for acceptance of critical structures, decisions on health and the improvement of its conditions.
In a typical work plans, calling for the implementation of work in winter conditions should be specified features regimes concrete structures, methods for temporary heating or insulation parts of the structure, order sealing joints in structures, etc.
Binding typical routing to a specific object construction and its conditions is to verify compliance with these conditions and specification of certain indicators related to local conditions without violation of the fundamental decisions in the map.
Typical cards work processes, which can be given in reference routings or BPD, develop into separate processes that have widespread and characterized by the stability of running manufacturing operations and used materials, machinery, tools, appliances, equipment and certain operating procedures.
All figures in the model maps workflows cost of labor, mechanization detail to working executives.
