The concept of improving the quality of products in Ukraine

Introduction

It should be noted that among the strategic issues of national renewal and socio-economic development of our state the problem of quality of products is one of the most powerful, it almost defines the internal and external independence, real economic security. The issue of improving the quality of products to be considered as a means of increasing competitiveness, as a precondition for overcoming the challenges of transition to a market economy.

One of the conditions to overcome the crisis, ensure the stable development of the national economy is to improve the structural and functional organization and process management product quality. This is due to the following major factors: the lack of a common strategy of interaction and mutual influence of the executive authorities, public organizations, industry experts on the issue of quality, and as a consequence - to the economic, social and other factors to ensure the national security of the general lack of public information infrastructure which would provide a complete, accurate and current information on this issue.

1. The concept of improving the quality of products in Ukraine

The development of quality processes, mechanisms and conditions at the macro level must meet the following criteria: the definition of the objectives and tasks of quality in the industry, the analysis of resource capabilities and their implementation. Now carry out a qualitative and quantitative analysis of the production of enterprises, quality systems is practically impossible. In addition to the Committee on Standardization, Metrology and Certification, the number of certified products, the number of certificates and the lack of funds is no information no longer exists.

Currently, the country has a large number of laws and regulations that relate to the quality problems of products (services), consumer protection and the environment. However, these laws and regulations are actually consistent with each other, they do not create a coherent system that would provide the highest quality products (services). Virtually no conditions that would have been orientovany to help domestic producers. Not built the infrastructure to promote the enterprises to solve quality problems. The current system of state regulation is aimed only at controlling the quality of products (services) to coercion and punishment of enterprises. [1, p.76]

In this regard, in 1999 the Ministry of Economy of Ukraine, the concept of providing the required quality of products, goods and services. The main goal of the concept - the problem of creating a more efficient system and management mechanism safety, quality and competitiveness of products, goods and services enterprises in Ukraine, the formation and build-up their export potential, and the establishment of these foundations prerequisites for attracting strategic investments in promising economic activities and making and implementation of safety management, quality, competitiveness of products, goods and services.

The main directions of this concept:

1. The formation and increase the export capacity of the system by establishing a coordinated manner relevant economic, organizational, technological, informational and social prerequisites.

1. Creating for gradually reducing Ukraine's dependence on imports of strategically important products, technologies and services through rational use and build their own scientific, technical and industrial potential, the rapid introduction of modern technologies, in particular, imported into the mainstream of economic activity.

2. Creation of preconditions, the development and implementation of functional and organizational charts and management mechanisms that contribute to the formation and strengthening the interest of enterprises and industry to improve the quality and competitiveness of products as an essential element of their business success.

3. Development and implementation of mechanisms for the protection of the domestic market of Ukraine of low-quality products and services, poor quality of competition and advertising.

5. Preparation and implementation in Ukraine of legal, regulatory and technical documents in the field of safety and quality requirements, which are harmonized with internationally recognized standards and European legal and technical standards.

6 Creation of economic, institutional and social preconditions and mechanisms of the widespread introduction of a basic level of economic enterprises of Ukraine, professional quality systems and environmental management systems as the most effective tool to ensure product quality and competitiveness.

1. Ensuring that the requirements of consumers in the formation of export potential, facilitating search and attract strategic investors, the rational use of resources.

2. The improvement and development of scientific and methodological framework for managing work quality and competitiveness of products, the creation of the state and other levels of information system works in the field of quality and competitiveness through the application of modern information technology.

9. Support, improve and develop the system of education, training and retraining of specialists and staff involved in ensuring and improving the quality, management quality and competitiveness of products.

10. Creating a system of relations with the societies, associations, consumer protection, producers, other non-governmental organizations on issues of safety and quality.

The implementation of the concept will give the opportunity to create and to gradually introduce the management system and mechanism for coordinating the development and implementation of programs to ensure and improve the safety, quality and competitiveness, create conditions and mechanisms for increasing production at Ukrainian enterprises of high-quality and competitive products, reduce the volume of imports of goods (services ), analogues of which are produced in Ukraine. [2]

It is necessary to form and integrate enterprise-level professional, internationally recognized quality management system resource conservation and the environment, to harmonize the legal and normative-technical documents with the relevant documents of international and European organizations on trade and tariffs, as well as the data of the specialized organizations of standardization, certification , accreditation, testing, metrology, health care, environmental protection, information technology, energy and other priorities. [3]

2. Evaluation of quality with economic and sociological perspectives

Based on the fact that the category of quality is complex and contradictory in terms of its various aspects, consider the problem from the standpoint of improving the quality of economic and sociological aspects. First of all, it should be noted that from the point of view of economic view every relatively high technical level of the products is good. Production of high technical level, and therefore more complex than necessary, for the society has the same negative effects as the production of an excess amount of the previous quality products. The use of high technical level, where there is no immediate need, leads to necrosis of the funds, reduces the accumulation fund, inhibits the growth of the social productivity of labor. According to its economic impact this process is identical to the process of economic depreciation of new products, which have a relatively high technical level, is determined entirely by the terms of their productive use or a specific need. At this point J. Plotkin believes that in assessing the feasibility of improving the quality of the products should be based not only, or rather, not so much because of their technical level, how much of the specific conditions of use of the product by the consumer. In other words, it is necessary to take into account the cost of new consumer products in some typical areas of use. The economic aspect is defined by only the quality of products during their use by the consumer. Value in use is caused by physical, chemical and other natural properties of things, as well as properties that are assigned to it as a result of purposeful human activity. Economic science, as opposed to the technical disciplines, explores not consumption itself, as a result of the consumption of a utility value, that is, from the point of view of economic important are not the properties of the products, and that the extent to which they meet a specific need. Consumers are not interested in the nature of a commodity as such, it is important that the commodity had its inherent properties. Collection of certain properties and makes thing a commodity. However, the same products that are characterized by the same combination of consumer characteristics, different satisfy the needs of consumers. One of the product may have more intense useful properties that appeal to the consumer than the other. In this regard, he will increasingly satisfy consumer demand. [4]

Evaluation units of value in the degree of satisfaction of certain requirements, in the end, and characterizes its quality. As the demand for these products too varied, these products will be weighted differently by the consumer, that is to have a different quality. So when we talk about the quality of products we have in mind certain conditions of their use. This, of course, does not mean quality in its technical sense as determining the properties of things. But from an economic point of view it is important to know how these properties meet the requirements. Thus, the quality of products is related to the degree of satisfaction of the needs of the particular one or the other type of products. By the quality of products is to be understood that the degree of satisfaction of the needs of a particular product. The key point in this definition is the requirement that the quality was assessed only in relation to a given specific needs.

For the economic aspect of the quality of the products also belongs to the consideration ratio between "utility" of the products and their "value." The utility shows the degree of satisfaction of public needs, that is, use value on a social scale. Of course, the amount of utility affects the quality of products, but this does not imply that the products are of the highest quality and should be of great utility. The value of utility, but the quality also depends on the cost of production and consumption of products (the so-called price of consumption). Consequently, the utility of the product, which has a high quality, but requires large costs for the society in general may be for a particular consumer, in particular, be less than a product of lower quality, but manufactured with less cost.

The ratio between "utility" and "value", which is crucial to the competitiveness of products, much more difficult. It is due to the relationships between the categories of "technical level" - "quality" - "utility" - "economic efficiency" - "sale price" - "use price" (the latter two add up to "price of consumption"). These relationships can occur in any direction - forward and backward:

Legend:

TRV-technical level of production

Yak - the quality of products

Crss - utility products

E - the total economic effect of increasing the expansion valve (or yak) products

C - price sales

Pcb - competitive products

The relationships between the categories that determine the competitiveness of the products may be similar ([pict]) and opposite ([pict]), ie, they can be combined together in any ratio. With these combinations of connections between the elements of the system (Kc, TRV, Yak, etc.) is much more complicated, and this greatly complicates the whole system.

On the competitiveness of products in recent years, more opportunity to influence the manufacturer to supply products to the consumer before your competition and provide better service, service. Goods can be competitive and accidental. Such a situation may arise in a small business environment. But large companies no longer rely on the accident. They thoroughly engaged in the study of market segments, needs and opportunities of consumers (buyers), conduct market research. If, say, commodity producers are lucky, and its products are considered competitive, he is, first of all, you should identify the reasons behind such a success, and, secondly, to have time to take action to save the situation.

And another thesis, which characterizes the economic aspect of the quality of goods and on the understanding of which depends largely on the question of the competitiveness of the product is better - it is always (or almost always) more. In determining the economic benefit to the consumer from improved product quality to use the so-called rule of identity effects, the essence of which lies in the correction (multiplying) the cost to the consumer for the use of lower-quality product. This applies to all parameters (properties) of the quality, but the question of the correct solution available today only on the two, however, the most important parameters - performance and longevity (life).

The sociological aspect of the quality problems associated with the decision of the relationship of the subject to such an objective property of the product as its direct consumer quality. From a sociological point of view of quality is regarded as a category that corresponds to the patterns of distribution of the population by income, the demand for the formation of certain types of products, and the like. By the sociological aspect of quality is closely related psychological: in fact, some of the authors considered the last of the first kind. More appropriate to treat it as a separate aspect. Those aspects of the relationship are subject to the quality of products, which do not depend on it (the subject) category in the sociological sense, that is, those parties are "inside" the sociological category or subject matter of this category, and they can therefore be attributed to the psychological aspect. An example that illustrates this idea, there is such a situation.

As has been remembered, a defining moment in the creation of competitive products is the relationship between the categories of "utility" and "value", and the latter is determined by the cost of consumption, which is composed of the purchase price of the goods and the prices of its operation. Since the manifestation of these prices vary over time, the first, and continues at the same time (the first price), and for a long time (operational cost) - secondly, that the consumer is subject to certain purely mental attitude. If a new product is created better quality but more expensive (this is the option rasprotranenny relationship between the categories of "utility" and "value"), then the consumer has to pay more once one-time expenses, while the savings from improved product it will receive in for long periods of operation (operating expenses). First, using the popular proverb, can be identified with the "bird in the hand", the second - with "pie in the sky", for the same proverb, from a psychological point of view, better than the "bird in the hand is worth two in the bush." From this point of view, more attractive to the consumer may be an option "worse" - "cheaper." Psychological aspect should also be taken into account when deciding whether to increase or retain competitiveness.

Thus, a consumption-value approach on ensuring the quality of products, the purpose of which

-Firstly, the creation of conditions to reduce production costs in the amount of useful effect of the use value;

- Secondly, the increase in the needs of consumers by increasing the usefulness and quality of products.

In addition, this approach should be an integral mechanism of economic integration of the producer and the consumer. [5, p.40]

Literature

1. Shapoval M.І. Bases standartizatsії, upravlіnnya yakіstyu i sertifіkatsії. K: Kind of Єvrop. Un-to 2006. - 174s.

2. Mazarakі G., I. Pugachevsky. KANO model in sistemі upravlіnnya quality / / EDS number 3, 2008. - P.14-17

3. Enterprises with a certified quality system / / Standards and Quality № 5-6, 2007 - With 156 - 779.

4. Plotkіn J., I. Stankovska Yakіst virobіv yak zasіb zadovolennya needs spozhivacha i zabezpechennya konkurentospromozhnostі produktsії / / Ekonomіka of Ukraine, 2005. - № 6. - P.91-94

5. Pavlov V.І. that іn. Bases standartizatsії, sertifіkatsії that іdentifіkatsії tovarіv. K.: Condor 2006. - 230c.