Contents:
Introduction
Youth labor market
Introduction
The purpose of this paper is to examine the problems of the Russian youth employment at the present stage, as well as the situation on the Russian labor market, and the possible ways out of the situation in our society.
The ongoing transition to a market economy in Russia in the late twentieth century, is associated with many problems arising in the various sectors of society and spheres of activity. One of the socio-economic problems and to this day, remains: the problem of youth unemployment. This question does not cease to be relevant, because not every young professional after learning activities can be safely employed. That is why the issue of youth employment is often the object of political and economic discussions and disputes. The reason for that is another socio - economic problem of our time: the problem of the labor market. It all started at all, it would seem, recently in 1991, when the government withdrew from the role of a single monopoly employer. After all, for over seventy years in the Soviet Union was a law of universal employment, in which every citizen should be employed and work for the good of society, or he was prosecuted under the law, responsible. After the abolition of this law, the state has retained a right to employment assistance. In addition, the right to hire and fire employees, remained behind the leaders. In general, the country began to live according to the principles of market economy, where every man for himself. Needless to say that the people also had to get used to the new changes, and successful in the labor force were those who were able to quickly able to quickly adapt to new conditions.
And what do we have today? As mentioned above, the government retained the right to promote employment, but a young country at the time, I think, a little more aware of how it will help. Here and now in Russia there is not that efficient system which would allow efficient use of human resources in our country. And as long as such a system or program will not be created in Russia will not cease to be new and in their background exacerbated old problems of the labor market and employment in general.
Changes in government structure and in the community, do not say well, as it is planned. Low living standards of broad words of the population of our country has become a reality for us and as a consequence of changed priorities and the foundations of the economy. On the already crowded market of unemployed labor was entering and young people up to 18 years - the so-called youth sector. Because of his age, and for many other reasons, they can not be considered economically active population, because at this age have to study human activity. At best, the teenager begins to engage in self-employment, working part-time as a laborer, a loader, washer seller of cars and so on. It should also take into account that the formal employment of young persons under 18 units. Often the exploitation of child labor is unskilled with violations of the laws of the Russian Federation, not to mention giving them a full benefits package, which guarantees benefits in the event of illness or malfunction, causing the trailer, almost no one is immune, no matter what position did not hold people and how many years it was not, there is always some risk.
The urgency of the problem is caused by the fact that about 35% of the working population of Russia are young people who will continue to build for the future of the country, from whose decisions will depend on its future development. Certainly this issue is very relevant today, but along with it is it does not pay enough attention in the media and government programs, projects, and even if it was given, then all of this would be exactly enough. In my opinion, this issue requires promptness in solving it. Otherwise, the discontent of citizens will rise, which can safely say in the development of the state.
The task of this work lies in the detailed consideration of the problem of youth employment in all its stages, in understanding why certain difficulties arise in different age groups? with which they are associated? And as in the definition of the role of government in overcoming this problem, what, how and when it can and should help the government to its citizens in overcoming the problem of employment.
The youth labor market
If you try to understand and define what is the labor market, it will look something like this: the labor market - a market of supply and demand for labor. By means of the labor market is realized sale of labor power for a predetermined period of time. Just the labor market shows the main trends in employment: labor mobility, and the size and dynamics of unemployment.
Young people in this very same labor market is one of the most vulnerable groups, not only in Russia, but throughout the world. And that is their a reason. Young people considered to be those aged 16 to 29 years. It is at this age comes all the main events in life of each person, such as: the end of study, choice of career, marriage, birth of children and so on. It is also during this period of the life cycle account for the formation of professional skills that will continue to define success in their professional career.
Certainly a certain position in the labor market is determined primarily by age, that is, belonging to a particular group of young people.
Teen group (youth under 18) as mentioned above, this group is actively embarking on the labor market, thus replenishing the ranks of the unemployed. The question of the employment of this group of young people, in my opinion, requires immediate solutions otherwise the country will never beats up on crime in the community, in fact it is likely that it will be even more. Since the mass poverty of the broadest strata of Russian society is our reality, and the children of unskilled labor market is very small. Consequently, teenagers will find other ways to make money. That's the best, I repeat, if the teen begins to engage in self-employment.
Legal, the market for unskilled child labor in Russia is very low. This is mainly catering establishments such as "McDonald's" or "Russian Bistro" who, for all his desire to not be able to provide income opportunities to all. And not all these institutions have.
Students and young people aged 18-24 years, as a rule, do not yet have sufficient social and professional experience, and in this connection are the most vulnerable group in the labor market. After this period of life has to completion of training activities and training. And as a consequence of this age group of young people is less competitive.
In 25-29 years, young people already know what they want, gradually approaching the targeted goals by making a professional choice. It is also at this age, a person can gain some life and professional experience, as well as to acquire certain qualifications. Most often in this age people already have their own family, and therefore the requirements for the proposed work are quite high.
In any case the statistics will not reflect the true situation is developing in the labor market, especially in the youth sector, as young people do not prefer to register at the labor exchange, rather than older people. Consequently, the statistics will reflect only the official labor market data, which naturally would be far from true values. After all, the extras are based on the data of the public sector, making the analysis of trends in the official part of the labor market. Therefore, the employment service can not cover all the demand for labor and supply of labor. As a result, the diversity of features Russian market relations and new developments in the field of employment simply not taken into account, including hidden unemployment.
Hidden unemployment for young people is not less dangerous than the open (registered). Because of the small professional experience behind it, they risk in the first place be without a stable income. Of course, the majority of young people in the event of loss of earnings will seek all means to restore it. But because of the economic instability in the country very few people manage to do it. Consequently, young people tend to be idle, that is demoralizing effect on his work motivation.
Studies show that more than 50% of young people working in the factories of a governmental nature, part-time work part time, about 25% work part-time in the alternative sector of the economy. The same young people actively manifests itself in business: about 70-80% of registered enterprises an alternative form of employment is created by people aged 25 to 30 years. 3.5% of young people have organized their own business.
The widespread decline in living standards has led to the fact that young students have to work in their free time.
The number of sentences of labor also increases, and by the alumni of various schools. Here then start the serious problems associated with the employment of young specialists and their employment. In Russia, unlike the Soviet Union that no effective mechanism for regulating the employment of graduates. Nowadays, graduates looking for work themselves, rather than go to work in distribution. Professional values ??also changed since that time. Poverty population generates income corresponds to the formula - "money by any means," which can not be safely affect the professionalism of the young man.
Just because of the prevailing situation in the sphere of employment has become a clear trend lumpenization young people in the coming time can not safely affect the social fabric of our society.
For a significant portion of young people because of the declining prestige of the production work was characterized by social pessimism.
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