LOGISTICS services and ways of its development

Summary on the topic:

"Analysis of the market of logistics services and ways of its development"

Logistics industry as an organized movement of goods is the basis of the economic activity of the state. It provides logistics link producers and consumers of goods, forming channels and supply chain.

In the face of falling economic activity Logistics suffered the most. The mean reduction (compared to the pre-crisis year) of logistics services, including transportation, warehousing, materials handling, etc., in 2009 was about 40%. The biggest "damage" suffered warehousing logistics. Before the crisis, investors have shown interest in the project for the construction of large-scale logistics centers Category A services with the most expensive. According to the laws of business share of cheap as less profitable segments of the constantly decreasing. As a result, when there was a need for warehousing services, Class B or C, to provide them turned out to no one. In this connection, downloading warehouses fell by an average of two times to the same figure seeks reduction of the cost of storage services. Construction of new logistics centers stopped.

If we talk about the status of carriers, the lowest losses incurred pipeline. However, this segment is characterized by specialization and absolute immobility, so treat it as a show for the whole industry is inappropriate.

Rail transport retains its leading position, however, turnover in the sector, "dipped" by an average of 30%. This industry is the most inertia in logistics and in no hurry to consolidate with other carriers, seeking to create its logistics infrastructure. This behavior is due, on the one hand, the technical and techno lo gi cal features, and on the other - strong government support received by Railways.

Car carriers better than other participants to adapt to changing conditions. Overall reduction in freight traffic for the first time is the most hard-hit by the sector. However, the market mechanism has worked well here (due to the large number of mikroperevozchikov owning one or two vehicles). With a modern European transport laden leasing, they were involved in the fierce competition for customers, forcing large transport companies to get rid of the ballast to reduce tariffs and improve the quality of their services. In this area, prices for transportation fell by 25%, while traffic volumes return to pre-crisis levels due to the "drag" part of the rail freight segment. This increases the distance transport, including routes "Europe - Siberia - Far East." Monthly runs as high as 20 thousand km, indicating that the extreme intensification of labor in the road sector. The main limiting factor is the capacity of the haulage road, which is currently being used to the maximum.

Other cargo carriers a total logistics system in Russia is almost not involved, because there is no inter-modal communication with both river and air transport.

The bulk of the domestic logistics market (about 90%) occupy the transport and logistics services cal. The remaining 10% comes from forwarding services, storage and distribution of goods. Logistics management, including supply chain management, a 1% market share. The dynamics of growth of the Russian market of transport and logistics services (according to RBC) is shown in Fig. 1.

Consider the Rosstat data available for analysis at this time. Freight turnover by type of transport (in billion tonne-kilo meters) is shown in Table. 1.

As the table. 1 does not contain the information of the value of transportation services, use the tab. 2, which is a fragment of statistical reports on the activities of organizations.

Comparing the data tables for 2008, we see that the total freight turnover of 4.948 trillion tons / km, while the turnover of transport organizations - 4.3505 trillion rubles. (5668.5 - 1318). Thus, the cost per ton-kilometers is 0.88 rubles. (4350.5 / 4948).

Comparable data in Fig. 1 and Table. 2. The volume of transport and logistics services in 2008 was 53.3. 32 = 1,705,600,000,000 rubles., And according to estimates given turnover of transport organizations is 4.3505 trillion rubles. This difference can be explained by assuming that 1,705,600,000,000 rubles. - It is a gain of transport and logistics operators. In this case, it turns out that the profitability of their cost is 1705.6 / (4350.5 - 1705.6). 100% = 64.5%. From this we can draw two conclusions: either the logistics operators live much better than talking about it, or statistical reports on their activities unreliable.

Statistics for 2009 shows an overall decline in turnover at the level of 89.8% compared to the previous year (Table 3). The volume of exports amounted to 64.5%, and imports - 65.7% (again, relative to the volume in 2008).

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Fig. 1. The dynamics of growth of the transport and logistics services in Russia, 2006-2010.

Table 1. Freight turnover by transport billion tons / km Source: Federal State Statistics Service, the Bank of Russia.

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It is known that the bulk of the transport work falls on exported and imported goods. Why, with the latter to reduce the amount of 35% of turnover was reduced by only 10%? The fact that the volume of traffic increases artificially works by reducing the coherence of transport, increase the proportion of counter movement and increase overall transport distance fewer loads.

Table 2. Turnover organizations by economic activity (at current prices, billion rubles.) Source: Federal State Statistics Service, the Bank of Russia.

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Table 3. Major economic indicators in 2009 (the percentage of the previous year) Source: Federal State Statistics Service, the Bank of Russia.

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Logistics market in Russia looks like a chaotic jumble of (the principle of "where thick, and where is empty") of economic entities that are functionally related to logistics operations. They systematically separated, since there is no overall organizing center, there is no mechanism for the formation of logistics systems and there is no need for this infrastructure. Commercial secrecy and opacity organizations harms their performance, prevents the introduction of modern information technologies. The principle of their operation is the principle of cost in proportion to that profit.

Economy without regulation destructive. It proved once again the next economic crisis. The need for strategic planning industry, monitoring and analytics of the processes. The importance of the industry allows us to pose the question of the feasibility of establishing a Ministry of logistics, which would include transport, infrastructure, information, and other units at the agency.

The most important areas are the regulatory control of logistics activities, the formation mechanisms of pricing for the through flow of material. Need to establish a system of indicators of the logistics activities are not based on costs and revenues, and on efficiency of operations and cost-effectiveness, to eliminate redundant operations and operators.

One of the most painful moments is the need to comply with the Order Rosfinnadzor on December 13, 2005 № 273 "On Public Procurement", which deprives the buyers and sellers of freedom of choice and leads to the following hazards:

􀁑 complicated procurement procedures;

􀁑 increases the duration of the procurement procedures;

􀁑 litigation initiated by the results of competitions;

􀁑 eliminated on efficient suppliers who can not properly "feed" themselves to participate in and win the competition;

􀁑 there is the possibility of using corruption mechanisms;

􀁑 there are additional costs for procurement;

􀁑 there is an artificial barrier to entry into the logistics system;

􀁑 ruled out the possibility of rapid inventory management by purchasing as needed in small quantities, etc.

The existence of these rules creates a host of paradoxical situations. Thus, in the Kirov tender for the right to supply journals on topics logistics for the second half of 2009, won the company "Kommersant-Courier". As a result, these journals are not even delivered to the regional library. Reliable Supplier - agency "Rospechat" - was not allowed to participate in the competition as the market does not meet the requirements for flexible prices. Thus, the author of this article has been deprived of the opportunity to read their favorite magazines.

Another example. Educational institution (university) has announced a tender for the provision of construction services (repair of the building). The company, which did not win the contest, challenged the results in court, thereby blocking the execution of the winning contractor building functions. The defendant was the buyer of services (university) because the claim concerned the formal aspect of the competition. As a result, the legal costs of the University in the millions rubles, and the renovation of the building is not made.

The modern practice of public procurement showed that lawsuits involving highly skilled lawyers have become a powerful tool for blocking the activity of the winners of the competitions competitors. The winner of the contest providers have to "buy off" the competitors to be able to easily carry out the work under the order.

The question arises: why develop and refine the theory of inventory management and procurement logistics, if the law on public procurement does not allow its use?

Prospects for the development of the logistics services associated with the systematic approach to makrologistike, which is based on a carefully-developed legal framework.

In summary, to denote the positions of the classical SWOT-analysis of the strengths and weaknesses of the Russian logistics, its capabilities and influencing negative factors (threats).

We refer to the strengths of a high scientific potential, developed a functional level, the availability of qualified logistics operators, carriers, modern terminal and storage facilities.

Weaknesses - is the lack of an administrative or organizational level, system integration of the logistics process, poor infrastructure, poor roads.

Logistics capabilities lie in its impact on the economy through the growth of domestic and commercial mass transit, reducing the associated costs, and the creation of new jobs.

Threat to domestic logistics are technical and technological backwardness of Russian enterprises, reducing the competitiveness of the Russian service operators in terms of "price - quality" and the loss of market share of logistics in the inability to compete with foreign companies.

The strategy of the anti-crisis economic restructuring should be aimed at the development of strengths, eliminate the negative factors, the maximum use of the opportunities of logistics. The crucial word here is owned by the state as a system-organ communicating with the logistics associations and logistics committees.

Fig. 2 shows the result of a matrix SWOT-analysis. The resulting strategic directions (private strategy) should be merged into a single national strategy.

The main directions of development of the domestic market of logistics, you can specify the following:

1) the development of the organizational structure of logistics at the state and regional levels;

2) creating a network of regional infor ma-translationally and analytical logistics centers (RIATSL);

3) the organization of a distributed system of training logistics personnel in the regions;

4) improvement of transport infrastructure from the perspectives of the development of the national economy;

5) legislative support through logistics activities.

The volume of the logistics market priced very superficially. Such a conclusion can be made, given that about 50% of the cost of production, according to many experts, it is necessary to logistics costs. Turnover organizations in 2008 approached 80 trillion rubles. (See Table. 2). This means that the cost performance of the logistics market is 40 trillion., Or $ 1.3 trillion. Such a market can not lose!

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Fig. 2. The results of the SWOT-analysis of the generalized Russian logistics market

Literature

1. Nosov, AL Regional logistics. - M.: Alpha-Press, 2007. - 168.

2. Russian Statistical Yearbook - 2009. Federal State Statistics Service. - Http://www.gks.ru/bgd/regl/ b09_13/Main.htm.

3. The market of transport and logistics services in 2009-2010. Study of the Information Agency "RBC", 2009. - Http://marketing.rbc.ru/articles/13/02/2009/562949954849708.shtml.